The Egtved Girl was a Nordic Bronze Age girl whose well-preserved remains were found at Egtved in 1921. Aged 16-18 at death, she was slim, 160 cm tall, had long blonde hair and well-trimmed nails. Her burial has been dated by dendrochronology to 1370 BCE. She was discovered in a barrow approximately 30 metres wide and 4 metres high.
She wore a loose bodice with sleeves reaching the elbow. She had a bare waist and wore a short string skirt. She had bronze bracelets and a woolen belt with a large disc decorated with spirals and a spike. At her feet were the cremated remains of a child, age 5-6. By her head there was a small birch bark box which contained an awl, bronze pins and a hair net.
Before the coffin was closed she was covered with a blanket and a cowhide. Flowering yarrow (indicating a summer burial) and a bucket of beer made of wheat, honey, bog-myrtle and cowberries were placed atop. Her distinctive outfit, which caused a sensation when it was unearthed in the 1920s, is the best preserved example of a style now known to be common in Northern Europe during the Bronze Age.
sestdiena, 2010. gada 27. marts
Neolithic Europe
Megalithic tombs appear to have been used by communities for the long-term deposition of the remains of their dead and some seem to have undergone alteration and enlargement. The construction of these structures had already begun in the Mesolithic, accelerated after Neolithisation and continued at a slower rate into the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age.
The organisation and effort required to erect these large stones mean that the societies concerned must have placed great emphasis on the proper treatment of their dead. The ritual significance of the tombs is supported by the presence of megalithic art carved into the stones at some sites. Hearths and deposits of pottery and animal bone found by archaeologists around some tombs also implies some form of burial feast or sacrificial rites took place there.
The most common type of megalithic construction is the dolmen a chamber consisting of upright stones (orthostats) with one or more large flat capstones forming a roof. Many of these, though by no means all, contain human remains. Though generally known as dolmens, many local names exist, such as hunebed in the Netherlands, Hünengrab in Germany and dysse in Denmark. It is assumed that most dolmens were originally covered by earthen mounds.
The second most common tomb type is the passage grave. Passage graves are distributed extensively along the Atlantic façade of Europe. They are found in Ireland, Britain, Scandinavia, northern Germany and the Drenthe area of the Netherlands. The earliest passage tombs seem to take the form of small dolmens. Many later passage tombs were constructed at the tops of hills or mountains, indicating that their builders intended them to be seen from a great distance. The passage itself, in a number of notable instances, is aligned in such a way that the sun shines into the passage at a significant point in the year, for example at sunrise on the winter solstice or at sunset on the equinox.
Some of the oldest surviving constructions in Denmark are passage graves, built between 3,200 and 1,800 BCE. They consist of a chamber and a passage way, covered by an earthen mound, which is usually round. One grave could contain up to several hundred skeletons when excavated.
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The organisation and effort required to erect these large stones mean that the societies concerned must have placed great emphasis on the proper treatment of their dead. The ritual significance of the tombs is supported by the presence of megalithic art carved into the stones at some sites. Hearths and deposits of pottery and animal bone found by archaeologists around some tombs also implies some form of burial feast or sacrificial rites took place there.
The most common type of megalithic construction is the dolmen a chamber consisting of upright stones (orthostats) with one or more large flat capstones forming a roof. Many of these, though by no means all, contain human remains. Though generally known as dolmens, many local names exist, such as hunebed in the Netherlands, Hünengrab in Germany and dysse in Denmark. It is assumed that most dolmens were originally covered by earthen mounds.
The second most common tomb type is the passage grave. Passage graves are distributed extensively along the Atlantic façade of Europe. They are found in Ireland, Britain, Scandinavia, northern Germany and the Drenthe area of the Netherlands. The earliest passage tombs seem to take the form of small dolmens. Many later passage tombs were constructed at the tops of hills or mountains, indicating that their builders intended them to be seen from a great distance. The passage itself, in a number of notable instances, is aligned in such a way that the sun shines into the passage at a significant point in the year, for example at sunrise on the winter solstice or at sunset on the equinox.
Some of the oldest surviving constructions in Denmark are passage graves, built between 3,200 and 1,800 BCE. They consist of a chamber and a passage way, covered by an earthen mound, which is usually round. One grave could contain up to several hundred skeletons when excavated.
tags:
neolithic europe
neolithic europe ceremonial sites
neolithic europe art
neolithic europe agriculture
neolithic europe teaching company
neolithic europe farming
neolithic europe cultures
neolithic europe map
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neolithic europe map
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neolithic europe wikipedia
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pirmdiena, 2010. gada 22. marts
English Monarchy - A Nation State
Although England is no longer an independent nation state, but rather a constituent country within the United Kingdom, the English may still be regarded as a nation according to the Encyclopaedia Britannica's definition: a group united by factors that may include common ancestry, history, kinship, religion, language, shared territory or physical appearance. Members of an ethnic group are conscious of belonging to an ethnic group; moreover ethnic identity is further marked by the recognition from others of a group's distinctiveness.
The concept of an English nation is much older than that of the "British" nation and the 1990s witnessed a revival in English self-consciousness. This is linked to the expressions of national self-awareness of the other British nations of Wales and Scotland and the waning of a shared British identity with the growing distance between the end of the British Empire and the present.
Recent migrants to England have assumed a solely British identity and the word 'English' is not commonly used to describe people of foreign ethnicities living in England. In their 2004 Annual Population Survey, the Office of National Statistics also compared the racial identities of the population with their perceived national identity. They found that while 58% of 'White British' people (as per census classification) described their nationality as English, the vast majority in all other categories called themselves British.
The concept of an English nation is much older than that of the "British" nation and the 1990s witnessed a revival in English self-consciousness. This is linked to the expressions of national self-awareness of the other British nations of Wales and Scotland and the waning of a shared British identity with the growing distance between the end of the British Empire and the present.
Recent migrants to England have assumed a solely British identity and the word 'English' is not commonly used to describe people of foreign ethnicities living in England. In their 2004 Annual Population Survey, the Office of National Statistics also compared the racial identities of the population with their perceived national identity. They found that while 58% of 'White British' people (as per census classification) described their nationality as English, the vast majority in all other categories called themselves British.
trešdiena, 2010. gada 17. marts
pirmdiena, 2010. gada 15. marts
svētdiena, 2010. gada 14. marts
Thanks my dear blog readers and medieval history fans!
Hi readers!
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ceturtdiena, 2010. gada 11. marts
otrdiena, 2010. gada 9. marts
ceturtdiena, 2010. gada 4. marts
trešdiena, 2010. gada 3. marts
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